it is medical research, research on new energy sources. entrepreneurs come out of these kinds of advances where we see basic research funded by the government that we take for granted. if we keep cutting that and not being sure about it, even r&d tax credits. doing them retroactively -- than if the country said, we are doing it anyway, we are taking a chance. we have to make it permanently. . >> from a democratic side, the federal government classifies -- keeps track of the total share of spending that goes into investment in research and development, the infrastructure, education, and spending. 31.2% were payments to individuals. today, 15.6% of the -- 50.6% of the government is for individuals. can you sustain the programs that democrats see as critical for investing in the next generation without finding ways in a graying society to control the growth of entitlement spending more than the affordable care at? >> we have a democratic shift happening. it is happening for the next 25 years. many of us baby boomers would like to live forever